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Recently, activist athletes have challenged expectations of how players should conduct themselves. While we love to see athletes with big personalities and flashy lifestyles, the response can be less enthusiastic when athletes make bold political statements. The articles in this volume show how common activist athletes truly are. Some use their platform to speak on social conflict, while others fight to improve their working conditions. Some LGBTQ
...For decades, the American criminal justice system has followed a "tough on crime" model. That's starting to change, following increased criticism of prisons and policing. One model for reform has become especially prominent: restorative justice. Restorative justice prioritizes community-led reconciliation between victim and offender. Based on indigenous practices and motivated by inequities in our current system, restorative justice is premised
...What is the role of police in the United States? From their presence in individual communities, to their efforts to maintain order and curb crime, American police forces face the challenges of public scrutiny and government support. Today, those challenges extend to questions surrounding the technology police use for law enforcement purposes, from databases to drones. The urgent issues of racial profiling, police misconduct, and brutality underscore
...The rise of social media has significantly altered the landscape of governance and political participation. Social media platforms have become venues for politicians to interact directly with the public, and for the public to respond with their own perspectives on the news. The highly participatory nature of social media, however, means it can also be an unreliable news source, rapidly spreading disinformation or hate speech. Users are often selective
...Many factors can affect who is able to cast a ballot on Election Day, including what kind of identification a voter needs, how many polling places are open, and any illegal attempts to suppress turnout among certain demographics. The articles in this volume examine how voter suppression has become a hotly contested issue, with many Democrats arguing that restrictive policies disproportionally affect communities such as black voters, students, and
...Who really killed JFK? Was 9/11 an inside job? Has anyone seen Obama's birth certificate? Conspiracy theories have been around for years, often surrounding the lives of political figures and national tragedies. In recent years, conspiracy theories have been moving from the fringes to the mainstream, receiving national attention from Alex Jones' Infowars, and President Donald Trump's embrace of far-right conspiracies. The articles in this book trace
...Considered one of the fundamental guarantees of individual rights in the U.S. Constitution, due process of law has nonetheless been debated throughout American history. Which legal proceedings should be protected? Who should receive these rights, and in which jurisdictions? The articles in this compilation trace the evolution of due process from the early 20th century to the present, covering the impact of these rights on the American legal system
...Since establishing the importance of journalistic freedoms in the nineteenth century, The New York Times has continually demonstrated the importance of free communication between press and public, from the publication of the controversial Pentagon Papers in 1971, to its navigation of the contentious relationship between the press and the Trump administration. The articles collected in this volume take readers through decades of American journalism,
...In October 2018, Jamal Khashoggi, a prominent journalist who was critical of the Saudi Arabian government, was assassinated at the Saudi consulate in Istanbul. His was an extreme case of censorship: the act of suppressing people, platforms, and ideas that are contrary to the status quo. Why do governments, publications, and other entities censor information? Is motivation driven only by authoritarian power, or are there sometimes benefits to censorship,
...Many popular social media websites and apps have one thing in common: celebrities looking to be worshipped. These social influencers come from all walks of life, and cater to young demographics with content including comedy routines, make-up advice, product reviews, and music videos. Watched by millions of viewers worldwide, they create diversion, provide commentary, endorse brands, and sometimes inspire the wrath of governments. With the aid of
...As the Second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, the right to bear arms may be considered a founding tenet of American life. The expression of that right, however, has generated no end of debate. The association of guns with injury, murder, suicide, and accidents has prompted activists and lawmakers alike to propose and pass regulations about who can buy guns and how they can be used. While one segment of the population wants to ban guns altogether,
...The temptation to enhance athletes' performance with substances is great when fame, money, and national pride are involved. From the early days of professional sports, both human and animal athletes have tried to improve their strength and endurance with a range of steroids, hormones, and other drugs. Antidoping regulations established by every conceivable sport seek to ensure fairness on the playing field. Yet deception occurs widely, whether
...Since the mid-nineteenth century, the main drivers of clandestine activity have been wars, crime, and international espionage. The need to obtain and pass along secret information exists so that one group can gain dominance over another, whether through victory in conflicts, seizure of land, or stealing money. Spies may be a constant, but so are the code breakers, those hardworking heroes who use their intelligence and drive to overcome whatever
...According to Forbes Magazine, there are more than 500 billionaires in the United States, ranging from tech moguls to hedge fund managers and CEOs. This collection of articles profiles the lives and influence of some of America's best-known billionaires including Jeff Bezos, Oprah Winfrey, Warren Buffett, the Koch brothers, the DeVos family, and Robert Mercer. Readers explore the powers afforded to those who have accumulated vast amounts of wealth,
...Shopping is a pastime ingrained in American life, from the annual Black Friday sales to the rise in prominence of big-box stores such as Target and Walmart. But as customers have shifted to using online merchants such as Amazon, businesses have had to fight to reach consumers. This collection features articles that address trends in consumer culture, explaining the psychology behind what we buy and the significance of consumer habits to the larger
...The debate over the ethics of assisted suicide has raged for the better part of a century. From Dr. Jack Kevorkian's controversial practices to international euthanasia laws, there is nothing easy about the decision to end a life. The articles in this book speak to the legal battles, the historical context, and the personal stories that shed light on the various perspectives and conflicts that go into understanding the current state and future
...Several years before the revelations around sexual harassment and misconduct in Hollywood sparked the #metoo movement, colleges and universities across America were reeling from a series of assaults that challenged the way sexual consent had been taught. The articles collected here detail the evolution of the debate, from individual cases that captured national attention to the implementation of California's Affirmative Consent law. Beyond highlighting
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